Three ADHD treatments
Social Skills Training
The following is an introduction to the evidence on training that may be helpful to those who have trouble with ADHD.
Studies
We included 25 randomized clinical trials described in 45 reports.
The trials included a total of 2690 participants, ages 5-17.
The social skills interventions were
1) Social skills training
2) Cognitive behavioral therapy
3) Multimodal behavioral/psychosocial therapy
4) Treatment of children's life and attention skills
5) Life skills training
6) "Challenging Horizons Program
7) Verbal self-teaching
8) Metacognitive training
9) Behavioral therapy
10) Behavioral and social skills treatment
11) Psychosocial treatment
The duration of the interventions ranged from five weeks to two years.
Most trials compared social skills training for children or parent training with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone.
No clinically relevant treatment effects of social skills interventions on primary outcome measures were found.
CONCLUSIONS.
This review suggests that there is little evidence to support or refute social skills training for children and adolescents with ADHD. Further trials with a low risk of bias and a sufficient number of participants may be needed to determine the effectiveness of social skills training versus no training for ADHD. The evidence base regarding youth is particularly weak.
StorebøOJ, Elmose Andersen M, Skoog M, Joost Hansen S, Simonsen E, Pedersen N, Tendal B, Callesen HE, Faltinsen E, Gluud C. Social skills training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5-18 years. Social skills training for. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, No. 6. Number: CD008223. doi: 10.1002 / 14651858.CD008223.pub3.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Children and adolescents with ADHD have higher plasma and blood concentrations of PUFA, In particular, concentrations of omega-3 PUFAs have been found to be significantly lower.
These findings suggest that PUFA supplementation may have the potential to reduce the attention and behavioral problems associated with ADHD.
The study included
1011 participants from 13 trials.
Five trials compared omega-3 PUFA supplementation with placebo. Two compared a combined omega-3 and omega-6 supplement to placebo and one compared omega-3 PUFA to a dietary supplement.
Five of the included trials had a crossover design.Supplements were given for 4 to 16 weeks.There was a significantly greater likelihood of improvement in the omega-3/6 PUFA group compared to the placebo group. (2 trials, 97 participants; risk ratio (RR) 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-4.62) However, there was no statistically significant difference in ADHD symptoms assessed with parents.
However, there was no statistically significant difference in ADHD symptoms assessed by parents (5 studies, 413 participants; standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.17, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.03).
There was no statistically significant difference in teacher ratings of overall ADHD symptoms.(4 trials, 324 participants; SMD 0.05, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.27)
Inattention (3 trials, 260 participants; SMD 0.26, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.74) or hyperactivity/impulsivity (3 trials, 259 participants; SMD 0.10, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.35)
There were no differences between groups in behavior, side effects, or loss to follow-up.Overall, there were no other differences between the groups in other comparisons.
Gillies D, Sinn JKH, Lad SS, Leach MJ, Ross MJ. Cochrane Database of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Systematic Review for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents 2012, No. 7. Number: CD007986. doi: 10.1002 / 14651858.CD007986.pub2.
Family Therapy
Study Description
This evaluation yielded two studies. Data from both studies were extracted. The findings of Jensen 1999 (N = 579) indicate no detectable difference in the effectiveness of regular behavioral behavioral therapy and treatment in the community. The findings from the available data of Horn 1991 are slightly more supportive of treatment than medication placebo.
Conclusion. Further research comparing the effectiveness of family therapy with no-treatment control conditions is needed to determine whether family therapy is an effective intervention for children with ADHD. There were no results available from studies investigating forms of family therapy other than behavioral family therapy.
Conclusion
Although the results are not conclusive, it appears that some of the results in the sample of 579 patients favored family therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, or other forms of therapy alone.
