Assessment of dietary patterns and mortality from all causes

English LK, Ard JD, Bailey RL, et al. Assessment of dietary patterns and all-cause mortality: a systematic review. JAMA Network Open. 2021; 4(8): e2122277. doi: 10.1001 / jamanetworkopen.2021.22277

Commentary

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the association between consumed dietary patterns and ACM.

Based on the findings, one randomized clinical trial and 152 observational studies were included in the review, enrolling adults and older adults (aged 17-84 years at baseline) from 28 countries with high or very high human development indices.

Fifty-three studies originated from the United States.

Most studies were appropriately designed, used rigorous methods, and had a low to moderate risk of bias.

Results across the studies were very consistent, suggesting that dietary patterns in adults and older adults that involve higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, unsaturated vegetable oils, fish, and lean meat and poultry (when meat is included) are associated with lower risk.

These healthier patterns also included relatively low consumption of red and processed meats, high-fat dairy products, refined carbohydrates and sweets, and moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages.