Evidence on Diet

This article is a collection of research studies on dieting methods and materials that are said to be good for weight loss.

There is no such thing as a convenient diet, but there are many ways to do it without spending a lot of money. I hope you find this article helpful so that you can make a calm decision.

Evidence on Probiotics

The reason why probiotics are considered good for weight loss may be due to the promising results from animal studies, but studies conducted on humans show the following results.

In a randomized clinical trial of 125 obese adults aged 18-55 years compared to placebo, 3.24 x 10 8 CFU of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 was consumed daily for 24 weeks, and for the first 12 weeks, an energy-restricted diet (500 kcal/day is an estimated caloric requirement ) for the first 12 weeks had no significant effect on body weight.

However, among the 77 female participants, the Lactobacillus supplement did result in significant weight loss after 12 weeks (1.8 kg loss) to 24 weeks (2.6 kg loss) compared to placebo.

In a 2017 systematic review of 14 clinical trials, including the two mentioned above, 1,067 overweight or obese individuals showed that probiotics (Lactobacillus given at various doses for three weeks to six months) significantly reduced weight and/or body fat in nine trials.

Three trials showed no effect, and two trials showed weight gain.

Another recent systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials in 957 overweight or obese individuals showed that supplementation with various doses and probiotic strains for 3 to 12 weeks reduced body weight (0.6 kg) (0.27 kg/m2), and adiposity (0.6%) more than placebo. ) than placebo.

However, these effects were small and of questionable clinical significance.

Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady-Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women. Br J Nutr 2014; 111: 1507-. 19.[ PubMed abstract ].

Crovesy L, Ostrowski M, Ferreira D, Rosado EL, Soares-Mota M. Effect of lactobacilli on body weight and body fat in overweight subjects: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41: 1607-14.[ PubMed abstract ]. PubMed abstract ]

Borgeras H, Johnson LK, Skatteb J, Hertel JK, Hermessae J Obes Rev 2018; 19: 219-32.[ PubMed abstract ]

One word you should never say to a friend who is dieting.

The study, conducted by Natasha A. Schvey, PhD, of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at NIH, focused on children.

The study included 110 young people, who were an average of 11.8 years old, and had parents who were overweight, or overweight or obese at the start of the study.

At the time of enrollment, they were asked to complete a six-item questionnaire about whether they had been teased about their weight and to participate in an annual follow-up survey over the next 15 years.

Results showed that youth who experienced high levels of bullying gained an average of 20 kg (0.24 lbs) more per year than those who did not.

The authors theorize that weight-related stigma may have increased the likelihood that youth would engage in unhealthy behaviors such as overeating and exercise avoidance.

And another possible reason is that the stress of being teased may stimulate the release of the hormone cortisol, which in turn may lead to weight gain.

Shvey, NA. weight-based teasing is associated with increased BMI and body fat mass among children and adolescents at risk for obesity: a longitudinal study. Childhood Obesity 2019.

Evidence for controlled daily fat intake

Reviewing data from 32 RCTs with about 54,000 participants and 25 cohorts, there is consistent evidence from RCTs that getting energy from fat at a smaller rate has a smaller weight loss effect in adults.

This was seen in almost all included studies and was very resistant to sensitivity analysis.

As a result, compared to a normal diet, the effect of eating less fat resulted in a mean weight loss of 1.5 kg. The effect of eating less fat compared to a normal diet resulted in a mean weight loss of 1.5 kg. (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.0 to -1.1 kg)

Even greater weight loss resulted from greater fat loss, and the magnitude of the effect on body weight did not change over time and was reflected by a decrease in BMI. (about 0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI (-0.7 to -0.3))

Abdominal circumference (-0.3 cm, 95% CI -0.6 to -0.02).

In cohort studies of children and adults, total fat intake and subsequent weight, body mass, body fat gain or body fat loss were significantly correlated. Cohort studies of children and adults have not suggested a relationship between total fat intake and subsequent weight, gain in body fat, or measures of change in body fat.

However, it has been suggested that reduced fat intake may be associated with minimal weight gain in middle-aged and older adults, as well as with increased weight gain in children.

and change in BMI in the most validated pediatric cohort.

Hooper L, Abdelhamid A, Bunn D, Brown T, Somervell CD, Skeaff CM. effects of total fat intake on body weight Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, No. 8. Number: CD011834. doi: 10.1002 / 14651858.CD011834.