The Scientific Basis for Information on Personality Traits
A Neuroscientific Perspective on Personality
What parts of the human body are involved? Here is some information from a book that discusses what parts of the human body are involved.
Brain Functions Responsible for Personality
Human personality is thought to be related to the ability of the "amygdala".
As long as the amygdala is working without problems, collecting information from the frontal lobe, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and calmly returning commands, the human personality is mild and can make accurate judgments. As an adjunct to the amygdala, the "hippocampus" is involved, and the information obtained is stored in the hippocampus as short-term memory and used as the basis for determining one's emotions.
The hippocampus is used as a basis for determining one's emotions. From this perspective, a mild personality = an active limbic system.
In animal experiments, the amygdala was found to be active.
In animal experiments, monkeys who had their amygdala removed showed abnormal behavior such as increased sexual activity and overeating.
In addition, their memory deteriorates, their thinking becomes slower, and their feelings of fear become duller. Therefore, it becomes emotional judgments cannot be linked to other places, and behavior becomes uncontrollable. The result.
Introverted and extroverted personalities
People with a sensitive ascending brainstem reticular activating system are considered to be introverted, while those without it are considered to be extroverted. If the aforementioned functions are sensitive, it means that the hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, septal nucleus, and hypothalamus in the limbic system are responsive.
When these areas are stimulated, the entire cerebral cortex is easily aroused, but
However, when the stimulus is too strong, the brain has a defensive response called "supramaximal inhibition" to suppress the stimulus. In this state, the brain tries to get by without reacting to strong stimuli, which leads to an introverted personality. And so it goes.
Wearable Devices and Psychological Background
Many wearable devices have the advantage of being able to record health indicators and manage smartphone devices, and there are few disadvantages to them.
The psychological advantages and disadvantages of such wearable devices have been investigated!
Here is the study.
This study was conducted on 237 people under the age of 18 living in Australia.
The demographic characteristics of the participants, their
Personality trait profile
Negative (guilt, self-consciousness, anxiety)
Positive influences (empowerment, motivation, accountability)
Through an online survey assessing the experiences of
Data was collected from adult wearable users (N = 237).
The data relates to wearables both during wear and when they cannot be worn (e.g., when the battery is depleted).
Results were analyzed descriptively and a general linear model was used to examine the association between affect scores and personality traits and individual differences. Both current and past wearable users experienced more positive than negative affect in relation to their device while wearing it. (p = <.001)
However, when prevented from wearing their devices, this pattern was reversed as most participants reported stronger negative than positive affect. (p = <0.001)
Conscientiousness and openness to experience were independently and positively associated with affect during wear, although these patterns were generally consistent across demographic subgroups and personality trait profiles. (p = 0.001)
Conclusions.
Results suggest that using a wearable is a good experience for users with little risk of negative psychological impact. Experiences of negative affect were not common, but those with a low conscience or openness to experience were at higher risk of negative affect, and all users could experience negative affect, such as anxiety or frustration, if they could not wear their device.
The findings contribute to the growing body of evidence for the safety of wearables and their appeal as a tool for health behavior, and highlight the importance of examining the psychological and experiential aspects of activity tracking.
Ryan J, Edney S, Maher C. Anxiety or empowerment? A cross-sectional study investigating how wearable activity trackers make their owners feel.BMC Psychol. 2019; 7(1): 42. published July 3, 2019 doi: 10.1186 / s40359-019-0315-y
The Link Between Life Happiness and Optimism
The study, which was looking at happiness, had a sample of 529 participants from Latin America. The age of the sample included men and women in their early 20s, with a predominantly female composition.
The people selected for the sample were given a questionnaire to determine whether they were
Are you an optimist?
20 items related to positive and negative emotions.
Physical health from 8 perspectives and mental health from 12 perspectives.
Are you a member of a religion?
Are you religious?
The results of the survey showed that optimists have a higher level of happiness in life. Well, that's true. You might be thinking, "Well, that's true.
But it also turns out that the people who were found to be optimists had no relation to their religious affiliation.
No, it depends on the country, doesn't it? It's Latin, I thought.
I thought, "Well, it's Latin," but after adjusting for variables, I found that optimism comes from the quality of life of the individual, so high quality of life can be seen as optimism. Since quality of life is formed by the individual, it can be enhanced by various factors such as religion, environment, economy, health, etc. However, in this study, religion has nothing to do with it.
However, in this study, religion had nothing to do with it. In other words, the idea of optimism is born from the quality of life, and it can be said that the quality of life is high because of optimism.
So what does it mean to have a high quality of life?
Since the results are only from questionnaires, the level of happiness and satisfaction will vary depending on the scale of the individual respondent.
For example, a person who has the leg strength and health to run 50 meters in 8 seconds may or may not be satisfied with that, depending on the scale of the individual. The study also suggested that the idea of optimism is associated with a high level of mental strength to accomplish difficult tasks, which is why the results of the study pushed optimism.
Mindfulness and personality
Definition of mindfulness
"To be intentionally aware of one's experience in the present moment, and to simply watch it without evaluation or preoccupation.
In this article, I will present the conclusions of a paper that investigates the relationship between personality strength (psychologically speaking, the Big Five test, etc.) and mindfulness.
What was the study?
A total of 1471 participants completed a series of online questionnaires on mindfulness and personality strengths. Preliminary analysis revealed that data were removed from 136 participants for the following reasons.
(1) Seven participants rated at least 80% of the questionnaires with the same value.
(2) Thirty-seven participants claimed to have no experience with meditation, but at the same time reported practicing meditation regularly or irregularly.
(3) Ninety-two meditators reported that they did not practice Buddhist-based meditation or Christian practices (e.g., yoga, tai chi, prayer, etc.) or did not specify the type of meditation they practiced.
Conclusion.
Most of the mindfulness facets and the total mindfulness score were
positively correlated with personality strengths when demographics (age, gender, and education) were controlled for.
The character strengths of Hope, Courage, Curiosity, Social Intelligence, Enthusiasm, Perspective, Gratitude, Self-Control, and Creativity showed moderate correlations with at least one mindfulness facet and total score mindfulness. In contrast, humility and prudence were either negatively correlated or unrelated to mindfulness.
Furthermore, despite their low correlation with the total mindfulness score, ratings of forgiveness, patience, tolerance, and beauty were positively correlated with one of the mindfulness facets, but not with the remaining facets.
Pang, D. & Ruch, W. Mindfulness (2019) 10:1545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01103-z
Psychological analysis of Facebook use.
The study found that.
1,525 German speakers over the age of 18 who had Facebook accounts.
The correlation between the tendency to search for information and personality traits was identified by the Big Five.
Conclusions.
The personality traits that cause people to search for information online are
Men are more likely to be neurotic, while women are more likely to be extroverted.
For women, it is extroversion.
This seemed to correlate with the number of friends they had.
And those who prefer to solve problems online
And those who preferred to solve problems online were significantly more likely to have a high level of neuroticism. And those with high neuroticism were also more likely to enter detailed information in their profiles.
Kaspar, K. & Müller-Jensen, M. Curr Psychol (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00316-8
Personality traits and gut bacteria
In psychology, there is a famous test called the "Big Five" to identify personality traits. There is a personality trait that is derived from it. There was a study on the correlation between personality and the intestinal environment.
The content of the paper itself was that a correlation was identified! The paper itself is about the correlation between personality and the gut environment, so it's not about changing your personality, but it might give you a hint on how to change your personality.
So let's take a look at what kind of intestinal environment leads to what kind of personality. Let's take a look.
Research
1,463 people aged 23-78 years who underwent a physical examination between June and September 2014 in Korea.
BMI, fecal examination, and revised NEO personality events were used to investigate the correlation between gut environment and personality traits.
In addition, a 103-item questionnaire was used to assess dietary content.
Conclusion
More gamma proteobacteria = higher neuroticism
High proteobacteria = low integrity
Low Racnospiridae = low integrity
This is what we found out.
The order Gamma Proteobacteria is one of the orders in the phylum Proteobacteria. Bacteria in this phylum are Gram-negative. They contain many important pathogens. The phylum Proteobacteria is one of the phylum of bacteria. It includes bacterial species with various metabolic modes such as phototrophic, chemotrophic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation, etc. It includes those involved in carbon and nitrogen fixation and many free-living species involved in the material cycle in nature.
The family Rachnospiridae is a family of bacteria in the order of Clostridia that occur in the intestinal microbiota of humans and mammals. All species in this family are anaerobic. Members of this family may protect against colon cancer in humans by producing butyric acid.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.12.012
Personality traits and money sense
In a study of the personality traits of the financially affluent, the "Big Five" psychological personality trait test showed a relationship between extraversion and high wealth. So you must be wondering, "What is the relationship between extroversion and wealth?
So, the question you should be asking yourself is this.
"I'm an extrovert, but I have money problems.
It's true.
In response to these questions, research has revealed the characteristics of people who spend money in an unfortunate manner.
From the conclusion
Most of the money spent by people who are highly outgoing but in need of money is
Most of the money spent by people who are highly extroverted but have money problems is invested in their own status.
The study
A survey of 718 customers of a British bank was conducted to find out how they spend their money. Based on a year's worth of transaction history, the study included personality information such as gender and personality, as well as income, occupation and debt. Spending on status. The survey also included information on where and how they spend their money, including categories such as "overseas travel," "golf," "electronics," and "art," and lower categories such as "discount stores" and "pawn shops. The survey also included.
Landis B, Gladstone JJ. Personality, income, and vicarious consumption: low-income extroverts spend more on status. Psychol Sci. 2017; 28(10): 1518-1520. doi: 10.1177 / 0956797617714811
Personality susceptibility to chronic fatigue syndrome
I've written about Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in my past articles, so I won't go into that, but it is literally a syndrome, so if you want to know more about it, please do a search.
What kind of personality is prone to it?
People with personality disorders tend to be more susceptible, and the most common personality types are
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
Another tendency that applies to these personalities is that they are perfectionists.
What did the study find?
The study participants were surveyed about their unwellness in urban and rural populations in metropolitan Georgia, conducted between September 2004 and July 2005. The study used random digit dialing to screen about 3,000 metropolitan households, about 4,000 urban dwellings, and about 5,000 dwellings in rural areas.
A total of 5,623 individuals aged 18-59 years were interviewed by in-depth telephone interviews and identified as "fine," "not feeling well," or "not feeling well" with response rates of 56, 67, and 71 percent, respectively.
Based on the responses in the in-depth telephone interview, the subjects entering the 1-day clinical assessment were.
(1) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
(2) Chronic Illness
They were categorized as follows.
Of those who met the criteria for the CFS group, 469 volunteers were eligible for clinical assessment based on an in-depth telephone interview, and 292 (62%) completed the clinical assessment.
Based on match with CFS eligibility for age (±3 years), gender, race/ethnicity, and geographic demographics, 481 individuals were invited to participate, and
223 (46%) completed the clinical assessment.
Of the chronically unwell (with at least one of the four most common symptoms defining CFS over 6 months: fatigue, cognitive impairment, brisk sleep, and myalgia or arthralgia), 505 were randomly selected.
Subsequently UM, Jones JF, Linn JM, Maloney E, Reeves WC, Heim C. Personality traits and personality disorders in chronic fatigue syndrome: a population-based study. Psychother Psychosom. 2010; 79(5): 312-318. doi: 10.1159/0003. 10.1159 / 000319312
Income and personality
From the conclusion
If you have this personality, your income will increase. Here are some of them
High extroversion
Likeability
Conscientiousness
Emotional stability
These four characteristics were found.
Explanation
This study included 18,971 people with an average income of 39,060€.
The results of a 15-item personality study are shown above.
The study emphasizes that emotional stability is related to job retention.
Can you get a job with a higher income? That is what we know from this study.
In the medical field, the higher the salary, the more physically and mentally demanding the job may be.
In some cases, job retention is an issue.
If these four characteristics are high, the retention rate will be high and the income will increase.
This was the answer.
However, in this study, it is not clear whether these characteristics apply to some occupations, such as those with ranks. However, in this study, the question was raised as to whether or not these characteristics apply to some occupations that have ranks. However, this study also raises the question of whether these characteristics are applicable to some jobs that have ranks.
Denissen JJA, Bleidorn W, Hennecke M, et al. Unraveling the power of personality to shape income Dice Rhinoceros. 2018; 29(1): 3-13. doi: 10.1177 / 0956797617724435
Dietary habits and personality traits
Being a good eater is associated with preventing disease and improving quality of life, yet some people have low dietary intake and diet quality. However, there are some people who have low dietary intake and diet quality. Since the study was conducted among university students, who are most likely to be affected, it is very important to understand the relationship between individual personality traits and dietary habits in order to make effective behavioral changes in diet.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and dietary habits of university students in Ghana.
A cross-sectional design was adopted with 400 students participating.
A cross-sectional design was adopted with 400 students participating, and information on sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index were examined.
Personality characteristics of the Big Five
Extraversion
Integrity
Agreeableness
Openness
Neuroticism
These were assessed using Goldberg's 50-item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was used to obtain further information about eating habits.
Results.
Most of the students scored high on integrity, and with the exception of neuroticism, all personality traits were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the eating habits examined.
Higher scores on extraversion were associated with.
New appetite (p = 0.028)
Interest in food (p = 0.008)
A higher extroversion score was positively associated with
A high score for sincerity was positively associated with
Food diversity (p = 0.045)
Higher honesty scores were positively associated with ・diversity of foods (p = 0.045) ・reducing sugar intake (p = 0.006)
and
Higher scores on cooperativeness were associated with
New appetite (p = 0.005)
Higher scores on cooperation were associated with a new appetite (p = 0.005).
For more information
The following is a summary of personality traits and trends in food preferences and habits.
Extraversion
They prefer fruit, are careful about fat intake, know what they are eating and moderate their eating, but may also eat out of emotion.
Integrity
Understands and moderates food content, but sometimes eats out of emotion, may not be able to moderate, but tends to be more interested in food, prefers fiber, and reduces fat intake.
Neurotic tendencies
Tend to have a high interest in food and manage their diet thoroughly, but tend to consume less fruit, less salt, and not be as conscious about fat content.
Cooperativeness
They tend to be concerned about excess salt and are very particular about their diet, but they also tend to eat emotionally.
Openness
Overall, they tend to be very particular about their diet, but they tend not to skip one meal or moderate their fat content.
These statements are a rough summary of the results of research, and in reality, each personality trait is high or low, so there is no easy way to say that you are like this! In reality, each personality trait is high or low.
Intiful, F.D., Oddam, E.G., Kretchy, I. et al. Exploring the relationship between the big five personality traits and dietary habits among students in a Ghanaian University. BMC Psychol 7, 10 (2019). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0286-z
Personality traits of people who can work hard
People tend to avoid labor-intensive tasks, regardless of whether they are physical or mental in nature. Recent experimental evidence suggests individual differences in the willingness of temperament to invest cognitive effort in goal-oriented behavior.
Given that the cognition (NFC) and need for self-control traits are related to behavioral measures of cognitive effort discounting and demand avoidance, respectively, and that these traits are only moderately related, the question arises as to whether they reflect a common core factor underlying investment in cognitive effort. If so, the common core of both characteristics may be related to behavioral measures of effort discounting in a more systematic way.
The study.
Two studies (N = 613 and N = 244) were conducted using questionnaires related to assessments of NFC, intelligence, self-control, and effortful control, and to cognitive motivation and investment in effort.
Results.
The relationship between NFC and self-control was specifically mediated through goal-directedness, indicating a putative correlation between the traits assessed. A hierarchical factor model of cognitive motivation and effortful self-control is established, which explains the shared variance of primary factors by secondary factors of cognitive effort investment.
Kührt, C., Pannasch, S., Kiebel, S.J. et al. Dispositional individual differences in cognitive effort investment: establishing a core construct. BMC Psychol 9, 10 (2021). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00512-x
